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      • Open Access Article

        1 - The Impact of Innovation on Economic Growth in Developed and Developing Countries
        Mohammad Hassanzadeh Hatef Hazeri Zahra Davazdahemami
        Innovation is one of the most important means of companies' competitiveness, which, if appropriate infrastructures are provided, can lead to economic growth of countries through scientific and technological development. In this study, the impact of the number of patents More
        Innovation is one of the most important means of companies' competitiveness, which, if appropriate infrastructures are provided, can lead to economic growth of countries through scientific and technological development. In this study, the impact of the number of patents as one of the most important measures of innovation on the economic growth of selected developed and developing countries during the period of 2000-2020 has been analyzed with a panel data approach. Experimental results show that, taking into account control variables, innovation has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in developed and developing countries. The comparison of the impact of innovation in the two studied groups shows that in developing countries that have a lower level of innovation, the effect of innovation on economic growth is greater than in developed countries. Based on this, supporting innovation, intellectual property rights and strengthening institutions related to the national innovation system in order to strengthen and extend innovation as one of the basic factors of economic growth should be considered in national planning Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Design and validation of the model of international entrepreneurial orientation in Iranian businesses
        Neda  Moghaddam Babak  Zia Hosein  sadeghi Seyed Mojtaba  Sajadi
        This research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the model of international entrepreneurial orientation in Iranian businesses. The present study is a cross-sectional survey in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of the method and time frame o More
        This research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the model of international entrepreneurial orientation in Iranian businesses. The present study is a cross-sectional survey in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of the method and time frame of data collection. The statistical population includes managers of Iranian businesses. The sample number of 384 people was estimated using Cochran's formula and sampling was done by simple random method. The questionnaire was used as a data collection tool that was validated with convergent validity, construct validity and divergent validity methods. Using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability, the reliability of the questionnaire was also evaluated. To validate the model of international entrepreneurial tendency, partial least squares method was performed using Smart PLS software. Finally, the indicators of international entrepreneurial tendency were prioritized with the Swara method. The results indicate that leadership and entrepreneurial culture can be strengthened through the infrastructure of creating international entrepreneurship. In this way, a suitable strategy for entrepreneurship at the international level can be adopted. This strategy has an impact on the internationalization of entrepreneurship and the internationalization of entrepreneurship, and finally the goals of the international entrepreneurial trend will be realized Manuscript profile