Analysis of Factors Affecting the coopetition of Start-ups in the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Using a Meta syntheses Approac
Subject Areas : New scientific findings in the fields of innovation and entrepreneurship
Mohammad talari
1
*
,
fatemeh keshavarzi
2
1 - Assistance professor, Business Department, Hazrat-e Masoumeh University, Qom, Iran
2 - MA of Business Administration, Faculty of Management, Hazrate Masoumeh University, Qom, Iran
Keywords: Coopetition, Entrepreneurial ecosystem, Start-ups, Meta syntheses, shanon entropy,
Abstract :
Growth and survival is one of the most important challenges for start-ups in the current situation. On the one hand, the coopetition strategy in the last two decades in order to gain, maintain and improve the competitive position has been considered by many businesses. Start-up can gain a good coopetition position in many areas by using a competitive strategy. So far, research has not examined the factors that are involved in the implementation of a coopetition strategy in start-up. In this method, in order to explain the factors affecting the application of the coopetition strategy, first by systematic review of the literature and using the method of meta-synthetic qualitative research, all dimensions of the coopetition strategy were identified. Then the importance and priority of each of the proposed factors is determined using the Shannon quantitative entropy method. After analyzing the articles, the effective factors were classified into 6 categories, 16 dimensions and 68indicators. The results showed; The most important categories are "institutional factors", "strategic factors", "environmental factors","individual-managerial factors","participatory factors","communication factors" respectively. Among the dimensions, " Events " were in the first place, " Supporting institutions ," and " Good reputation of the company " and , "Having coopetitive mindset " were in the second ,third and Fourth places. This study provides a deep understanding of the existing literature on coopetition strategy in start-ups by organizing the factors affecting it and can be used in planning for their growth and survival in complex and dynamic market conditions to compete with other businesse
1.ترابی،حسین؛خیراندیش، مسعود و محمدی، حسین(1399). تاثیر اکوسیستم کارآفرینی بر فعالیت کار آفرینانه؛ تحلیلی بر مبنای داده‌های GEM. فصلنامه نوآوری و ارزش آفرینی، سال نهم. شماره 17.
2.پازری، محسن؛ حقیقتی نسب، منیژه و عدالتیان شهریاری، جمشید(1399). طراحی شبکه ایجاد ارزش مشترک مبتنی بر نوآوری در اکوسیستم کارآفرینی فناوری. فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی،13(4)، 560-541.
3.طالبی،کامبیز؛ سخدری، کمال و تازیکه (1397)، چگونگی ایجاد کارآفرینی استراتژیک برای رشد کسب و کارها در صنایع غذایی ایران. فصلنامه نوآوری و ارزش آفرینی، سال هفتم، شماره 8.
4.طالاری، محمد و بیننده، آمنه (1399). بررسی سیر تطور همرقابتی و ارائه مدل جامع راهبرد همرقابتی در شرایط تحریم. بهبود مدیریت. دوره 14، شمارۀ 1، 95-125.
5.الهی، شعبان و همکاران(1397)، نیروهای تسهیل کننده و بازدارنده همکاریهای فناورانه بین شرکت‌های بزرگ و کوچک فناوری محور.فصلنامه فصلنامه نوآوری و ارزش آفرینی، سال هفتم، شماره 13.
6.Blanka, C., & Traunmüller, V. (2020). Blind date? Intermediaries as matchmakers on the way to start-up—industry coopetition. Industrial Marketing Management, 90, 1-13.
7. Bølling toft, A. (2012). The bottom-up business incubator: Leverage to networking and cooperation practices in a self-generated, entrepreneurial-
enabledenvironment. Technovation, 32(5), 304-315.
8. Bengtsson, M., Raza-Ullah, T., & Vanyushyn, V. (2016). The coopetition paradox and tension: The moderating role of coopetition capability. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, 19–3.
9. Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2000). coopetition in business networks|to cooperate and compete simultaneously. ndustrial Marketing Management, 29 (5).
10. Berg, V., Birkeland, J., Nguyen-Duc, A., Pappas, I. O., & Jaccheri, L. (2020). Achieving agility and quality in product development-an empirical study of hardware startups. Journal of Systems and Software, 167, 110599.
11. Banc, C., & Messeghem, K. (2020). Discovering the entrepreneurial micro‐ecosystem: The case of a corporate accelerator. Thunderbird International Business Review, 62(5), 593-605.
12-Berbegal-Mirabent, J., Gil-Doménech, D., & Senent-Bailach, C. (2021). Coopetition strategies of start-ups: evidence from a Spanish regional innovation system. European Journal of International Management, 16(4), 694-711.
13. Bouncken, R. B., Laudien, S. M., Fredrich, V., & Görmar, L. (2018). Coopetition in coworking-spaces: value creation and appropriation tensions in an entrepreneurial space. Review of Managerial Science, 12(2), 385-410.
14 .Czakon, W., Klimas, P., & Mariani, M. (2020). Behavioral antecedents of coopetition: A synthesis and measurement scale. Long Range Planning, 53(1), 101875.
15.Costa, M. A. S., Guerino, G. C., Leal, G. C. L., Balancieri, R., & Galdamez, E. V. C. (2022). Exploring performance measurement practices in Brazilian startups. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 33(5-6), 637-663.
16 .Crick, J. M., & Crick, D. (2020). Coopetition and sales performance: evidence from non-mainstream sporting clubs. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 2020 Sep 29.
17 .Crick, J. M., Karami, M., & Crick, D. (2021). The impact of the interaction between an entrepreneurial marketing orientation and coopetition on business performance. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research,43(4), 1-25.
18. Crick, D., & Crick, J. M. (2016). Coopetition at the sports marketing/entrepreneurship interface: a case study of a Taekwondo organisation. Marketing Intelligence & Planning,34(2),1-36.
20. Crick, J. M. (2018). The facets, antecedents and consequences of coopetition: an entrepreneurial marketing perspective. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal,12(2),220-116-96.
21.Cukier, D., Kon, F., Gjini, E., & Wang, X. (2020). Startup Ecosystem Maturity and Visualization: The Cases of New York, Tel Aviv, and San Paolo. In Fundamentals of Software Startups (pp. 179-194). Springer, Cham.
22. Czernek-Marszalek, K. (2021). The sources and components of social embeddedness as determinants of business cooperation in a tourist destination. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 19, 100534.
23. Devece, C., Ribeiro-Soriano, D. E., & Palacios-Marqués, D. (2019). Coopetition as the new trend in inter-firm alliances: Literature review and research patterns. Review of Managerial Science, 13, 207–226.
24. Ejsmont, A. (2022). Cooperation and coopetition as a tools which could improve leading startups all over the world. Humanities Today: Proceedings, 1(1), 103-118.
25. Flanagan, D. J., Lepisto, D. A., & Ofstein, L. F. (2018). Coopetition among nascent craft breweries: a value chain analysis. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,28(5), 1462-600.
26.Galkina, T., & Lundgren-Henriksson, E. L. (2017). Coopetition as an entrepreneurial process: Interplay of causation and effectuation. Industrial Marketing Management, 67, 158-173.
27. Galvão, A., Marques, C., Franco, M., & Mascarenhas, C. (2019). The role of start-up incubators in cooperation networks from the perspective of resource dependence and interlocking directorates. Management Decision. doi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2019.101929.
28. Gast, J., Filser, M., Gundolf, K., & Kraus, S. (2015). Coopetition research: towards a better understanding of past trends and future directions. International Journal of Entrepreneurship & Small Business, 24(4), 492-521.
29. Granata, J., Géraudel, M., & d'Armagnac, S. (2019). When entrepreneurs instigate institutional change through coopetition: The case of winemakers in south of France. Strategic Change, 28(6), 409-422.
30.Galloway, T. L., Kuhn, K. M., & Collins-Williams, M. (2019). Competitors as advisors: Peer assistance among small business entrepreneurs. Long Range Planning, 101929.
31. Gernsheimer, O., Kanbach, D. K., & Gast, J. (2021). Coopetition research-A systematic literature review on recent accomplishments and trajectories. Industrial Marketing Management, 96, 113-134.
32 .Garidis, K., & Rossmann, A. (2019). A framework for cooperation behavior of start-ups: Developing a multi-item scale and its performance impacts. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,26(7), 877- 890.
33. Hora, W., Gast, J., Kailer, N., Rey-Marti, A., & Mas-Tur, A. (2018). David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates. Review of Managerial Science, 12(2), 411-439.
34. Hammerschmit, J., Eggers, F., Kraus, S., Jones, P., & Filser, M. (2019). Entrepreneurial orientation in sports entrepreneurship-a mixed methods analysis of professional soccer clubs in the German-speaking countries. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 1-19.
35 .Jaensson, J. E. (2016, August). Coopetition and Entrepreneurial Orientation as Drivers for Innovativeness in the Tourism Industry. in the international conference on tourism and hospitality innovations in developing countries (icthi-dc) dar es salaam, tanzania,1-2 august, 2016 (p.16).
36 .Jensen, K. W., & Schott, T. (2015). Start-up firms’ networks for innovation and export: facilitated and constrained by entrepreneurs’ networking in private and public spheres. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 5(1), 1-17.
37 .Kountur, R., Phangestu, J., & Prameswari, D. (2020). The structural model of startup: The moderating effect of enterprise leadership and networking. Management Science Letters, 10(15), 3537-3544.
38. Keidel, J., Bican, P. M., & Riar, F. J. (2021). Influential Factors of Network Changes: Dynamic Network Ties and Sustainable Startup Embeddedness. Sustainability, 13(11), 6184.
39. Knein, E., Greven, A., Bendig, D., & Brettel, M. (2020). Culture and cross-functional coopetition: The interplay of organizational and national culture. Journal of International Management, 26(2), 100731
40. Lechner, C., Soppe, B., & Dowling, M. (2016). Vertical coopetition and the sales growth of young and small firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(1), 67-84.
41. Liu, C. H. S., Liu, H. H. J., & Ng, Y. L. (2021). Investigation of entrepreneurial orientation development with airline employees: Moderating roles of a cooperation-competition mechanism. Journal of Air Transport Management, 94, 102074.
42. Lizarelli, F. L., Torres, A. F., Antony, J., Ribeiro, R., Salentijn, W., Fernandes, M. M., & Campos, A. T. (2021). Critical success factors and challenges for Lean Startup: a systematic literature review. The TQM Journal.
43 .McCamley, C., & Gilmore, A. (2017). Exploring entrepreneurial networking: a case study of coopetition in heritage tourism marketing.
44. McGrath, H., O'Toole, T., & Canning, L. (2019). Coopetition: a fundamental feature of entrepreneurial firms' collaborative dynamics. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing.
45 .Moritz, A., Naulin, T., & Lutz, E. (2022). Accelerators as drivers of coopetition among early-stage startups. Technovation, 102378.
46. Meena, A., Dhir, S., & Sushil, S. (2022). A review of coopetition and future research agenda. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing.
47. Pekovic, S., Grolleau, G., & Mzoughi, N. (2020). Coopetition in innovation activities and firms' economic performance: An empirical analysis. Creativity and Innovation Management, 29(1), 85-98.
48. Randolph, R. V., H u, H. F., & Silvernail, K. D. (2020). Better the devil you know: Inter-organizational inform ation technology and netw ork social capital in coopetition networks. Inform ation & M anagem ent, 57(6), 103344.
49 Rigtering, J. C., & Behrens, M. A. (2021). The Effect of Corporate—Start-Up Collaborations on Corporate Entrepreneurship. Review of Managerial Science, 1-28.
50. Rusko, R., Härkönen, K., & Liukkonen, S. (2016). Coopetition at elevator pitch events? A case study of micro-activities at a business innovation event. Journal of Innovation Management, 4(3), 79-100.
51.Ratten, V. (2018). Sustainable farming entrepreneurship in the Sunraysia region. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 8(4): 37-57.
52. Seepana, C., Huq, F. A., & Paulraj, A. (2021). Performance effects of entrepreneurial orientation, strategic intent and absorptive capacity within coopetitive relationships. International Journal of Operations & Production Management,41(3), 227-250.
53 Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2006). Handbook for synthesizing qualitative research. Springer Publishing Company.
54. Spender, J. -C., Corvello, V., Grimaldi, M., & Rippa, P. (2017). Startups and open innovation: A review of the literature. European Journal of Innovation Management, 20(1), 4-30.
55.Soppe, B., Lechner, C., & Dowling, M. (2014). Vertical coopetition in entrepreneurial firms: theory and practice. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,21(4), 548-564.
56. Steiber, A., & Alänge, S. (2020). Corporate-startup collaboration: effects on large firms' business transformation. European Journal of Innovation Management,1-23, DOI 10.1108/EJIM-10-2019-0312.
57. Sanou, F. H., Le Roy, F., & Gnyawali, D. R. (2016). How does centrality in coopetition networks matter? An empirical investigation in the mobile telephone industry. British Journal of Management, 27(1), 143.
58. Theodoraki, C., Messeghem, K., & Audretsch, D. B. (2021). The effectiveness of incubators’ co-opetition strategy in the entrepreneurial ecosystem: Empirical evidence from France. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1-93.
59.Tekin, E., Ramadani, V., & Dana, L. P. (2021). Entrepreneurship in Turkey and other Balkan countries: are there opportunities for mutual co-operation through internationalisation? Review of International Business and Strategy, 31(2), 297-314.
60.Yang, J., Zhu, M., Zhang, M., & Yao, K. (2021). Understanding the relationship between networks, startup risk-taking behaviour, and digitalization: the role of ecosystem coopetition. Journal of Management & Organization, 1-25.