تاثیر توانمندیهای بنگاه بر عملکرد نوآوری شرکتهای دانش بنیان ایران
محورهای موضوعی : تخصصیجواد سلطان زاده 1 * , اسماعیل قادری فر 2 , حجت صوفی رضایی 3
1 - استادیار دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران، ایران
2 - دکترای مدیریت تکنولوژی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
3 - دكتري مهندسي صنايع، دانشگاه صنعتي اميركبير، تهران ، ایران
کلید واژه: نوآوری, توانمندیهای نوآوری, عملکرد نوآورانه, شرکت دانشبنیان,
چکیده مقاله :
بنگاهها برای بقای خود در بازار متلاطم و ارتقای جایگاه رقابتی خود تلاش میکنند تا عملکرد نوآورانه خود را افزایش دهند. مجموعه این تلاشها الزاما به کسب منفعت و افزایش سهم آنها در بازار نمیشود. محققان به منظور فهم این کاستی، تلاش کردهاند بر عوامل موثر بر عملکرد نوآوری توجه کرده و چگونگی آن را بسنجند. اما موضوعی که بدان کمتر پرداخته شده است رفتار نوآورانه بنگاه هست که می تواند بر عملکرد نوآوری موثر باشد. پژوهش حاضر با وامگیری از مفهوم توانمندیهای پویا تلاش کرده است انواع توانمندیهای ممکن جهت خلق محصولات، خدمات و فرآیندهای نوین را در سه دسته کلی توانمندیهای نوآوری، توانمندیهای مبتنی بر همکاری، و توانمندیهای مکمل دستهبندی نموده و با ارائه فرضیات مختلفی اثرگذاری این توانمندیها در عملکرد نوآورانه بنگاه را بیازماید. بدین منظور پرسشنامهای طراحی و بین 180 شرکت فعال در بازار ایران توزیع شده و از آنها خواسته شد که علاوه بر گزارش تعداد محصولات/خدمات جدید، تعداد فرآیندهای نوین، و عملکرد مالی خود، انواع اقدامات انجام شده در حوزه نوآوری خود را نیز بین سالهای 1392 تا 1394 گزارش نمایند. نتایج تحلیل پرسشنامهها پس از تأیید روایی و پایایی آنها و ایجاد معادلات ساختاری، با استفاده از روش حداقل مربعات جزئی (PLS) نشان داد که توانمندیهای نوآوری و توانمندیهای مبتنی بر همکاری اثر مثبت معنادار در عملکرد نوآوری دارند. همچنین به صورت جزئی، تحقیق و توسعه داخلی، آموزش نیروی انسانی، طراحی، تحقیق و توسعه مشارکتی و خرید دانش فنی دارای ضرایب مسیر بزرگ در مدل PLS حاصله بوده و بالتبع اثر معنادار روی نوآوری دارند و از سوی دیگر خرید ماشینآلات و ابزارها تأثیر معناداری در خلق نوآوری ندارند.
Firms try to increase their innovative performance to survive in a turbulent market and improve their competitive position. Combining these efforts does not necessarily lead to profit and increase their market share. To understand this shortcoming, researchers look at the factors that affect innovation performance and how to measure it. However, the subject that needs to be addressed is the firm's innovative behavior, which can affect innovation performance. By borrowing from the concept of dynamic capabilities, the present study has tried to classify the possible types of capabilities to create new products, services, and processes into three general categories: innovation capabilities, collaboration-based capabilities, and complementary capabilities, and by presenting different hypotheses for the effectiveness of these capabilities. Test the firm in innovative performance. For this purpose,180 questionnaires were distributed among firms to report the number of new products/services, the number of new processes, their financial performance, and the types of measures taken in their field of innovation from 1392 to 1394. After confirming their validity and reliability and creating structural equations using the partial least squares (PLS) method, results showed that innovation capabilities and collaboration-based capabilities significantly positively affect innovation performance. Also, research and development, training of human resources, design, collaborative research and development, and purchase of technical knowledge have significant path coefficients in the resulting PLS model and significantly affect innovation. In addition, the purchase of machinery and tools only significantly affects the creation of innovation.
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