نیروهای تسهیل کننده و بازدارنده همکاری‌های فناورانه بین شرکتهای بزرگ و کوچک فناوری محور
محورهای موضوعی : عمومى
شعبان الهی
1
آرمان خالدی
2
(سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران )
مهدی مجیدپور
3
(دانشکده مدیریت، علم و فناوری، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران )
رضا اسدی فرد
4
(پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران، ایران )
کلید واژه: همکاری فناورانه, شرکتهای بزرگ, شرکتهای کوچک فناوری محور, مرور نظام‌مند, فراترکیب,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به رقابتی شدن محیط کسب و کار در طی چند دهه اخیر، شرکت ها به منظور حفظ حیات و جایگاه خود در فضای کسب و کار به خلق نوآوری روی آورده اند. با این حال از آنجایی که خلق نوآوری در انزوا رخ نمی دهد بنابراین شرکت ها در زمینه خلق نوآوری و فناوری به همکاری با یکدیگر روی آورده اند. در این میان شدت همکاری فناورانه بین شرکت های بزرگ و کوچک فناوری محور با توجه به ویژگی های متفاوت و همچنین دسترسی آن ها به منابع مکمل یکدیگر بیشتر است. همکاری فناورانه بین شرکت ها موضوعی پیچیده و چالش برانگیز است که عوامل متعددی در شکل گیری و موفقیت آن تاثیرگذار هستند؛ بنابراین شناسایی عوامل (نیروهای تسهیل کننده و بازدارنده) موثر بر همکاری فناورانه و توجه به آن ها در طول فرآیند تعامل بین شرکت های بزرگ و کوچک فناوری محور می تواند به موفقیت همکاری کمک کند. به همین منظور با استفاده از روش مرور نظام مند و با جستجو در پایگاه داده Web of Knowledge تعداد 1488 مقاله در زمینه همکاری فناورانه استخراج شدند که پس از ارزیابی آن ها، 57 مورد به عنوان مقالات مرتبط و معتبر شناسایی شدند. در ادامه نیز با استفاده از روش فراترکیب مقالات منتخب بررسی و کدگذاری شدند. نتایج حاصل از کدگذاری مقالات و ترکیب آن ها حاکی از آن است که در مجموع عوامل (نیروهای تسهیل کننده و بازدارنده) موثر بر همکاری فناورانه بین شرکت های بزرگ و کوچک فناوری محور را می توان ذیل 6 بعد دسته بندی کرد که عبارتند از: راهبردی، ویژگی های سازمانی، زیرساخت قانونی و نهادی، فناوری و صنعت و رابطه ای. شایان ذکر است که در مقاله حاضر علاوه بر این که به صورت جامع کلیه عوامل موثر بر همکاری فناورانه شناسایی شده‌اند، نوع و شرایط تاثیرگذاری عوامل (تسهیلگر یا بازدارنده) نیز مورد بحث قرار گرفته است.
With regard to the competitive environment of the business over the past few decades, companies have been innovative to maintain their vitality and position in the business environment. However, since the innovation does not occur in isolation, companies are collaborating with each other to create innovation and technology. Meanwhile, the intensity of technological collaboration between large and small technology based firms is greater in term of their different characteristics, as well as their access to complementary resources. The technological collaboration between companies is a complex and challenging subject, which different factors influencing its formation and success. Therefore, identifying the factors (Driving and restraining forces) affecting technological collaboration and pay attention to them in the process of interaction between large and small technology based firms can help to succeed. for this purpose, using a systematic literature review and searching the "web of Knowledge" database, 1488 articles about technological collaboration were extracted which after evaluating them,57 of them were identified as valid and related articles. In the following, using meta-synthesis methods to analyze and coding the selected articles. The results of coding and their composition suggest that, in total, the factors (Driving and restraining forces) affecting the technological collaboration between large and small technology based firms can be categorized as six dimensions: strategic, organizational features, legal and institutional infrastructures, technology and industry, relational. It is worth noting that in the article, in addition to the fact that all the factors influencing technological collaboration are identified comprehensively, the type and condition of the influence of factors (Driving forces and Restraining forces) are also discussed
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