تحلیل مدیریتی دعاوی ناشی از تأخیر در پروژه‌های عمرانی و ارائه مدل استاندارد مدیریت دعاوی
محورهای موضوعی : تخصصیمهدی فضیلتی 1 * , رسول شهبازی گرمتان 2 *
1 - گروه ﻣﻬﻨﺪسﻋﻤﺮان، واﺣﺪ ﻧﺠﻒ آباد، داﻧﺸگاه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، ﻧﺠﻒ آﺑﺎد، اصفهان، ایران
2 - استادیار مهندسی عمران، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، ﻧﺠﻒ آﺑﺎد، اصفهان، ایران
کلید واژه: دعاوی تأخیرات پروژه, بار اثبات ادعا, تحلیل تطبیقی حقوقی, تحلیل مضمون سه‌سطحی, مدل‌سازی علّی DEMATEL,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بازسازی منطق نهادی شکل‌گیری دعاوی ناشی از تأخیرات در پروژه‌های عمرانی ایران انجام شده و بر این پیش‌فرض استوار است که تأخیرات، برخلاف تصور رایج، پدیده‌هایی صرفاً زمانی یا فنی نیستند، بلکه حاصل تعامل شبکه‌ای ضعف‌های حقوقی، مدیریتی و فرآیندی‌اند. مسئله اصلی پژوهش تبیین این است که چگونه خلأ در تقسیم مسئولیت‌ها، نقص در مستندسازی و اختلال در چرخه اطلاع‌رسانی، ظرفیت تبدیل یک رویداد زمانی ساده به تعارض حقوقی پیچیده را ایجاد می‌کند. برای پاسخ به این مسئله، رویکردی کیفی–تحلیلی به‌کار گرفته شده که بر تحلیل مضمون سه‌سطحی، تحلیل تطبیقی حقوقی، بازسازی فرآیند «تأخیر–ادعا» و مدل‌سازی علّی DEMATEL استوار است. داده‌های پژوهش از اسناد قراردادی، پرونده‌های داوری، گزارش‌های پروژه و استانداردهای بین‌المللی گردآوری شده و پس از کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی، در قالب سه محور حقوقی، مدیریتی و فرآیندی سامان‌دهی شده‌اند. تحلیل تطبیقی، جایگاه این محورها را در مقایسه با نظام‌های انگلستان، آمریکا و استرالیا روشن کرده است. تحلیل فرآیندی نشان می‌دهد که خلل در دو مرحله اخطار اولیه و تحلیل تأثیر زمانی، عامل اصلی تبدیل تأخیر به ادعاست. مدل‌سازی DEMATEL نیز ساختار علّی شبکه میان سه محور را آشکار ساخته است. سنتز نهایی پژوهش الگوی سه‌محوری تولید دعوی را ارائه می‌کند که در آن تأخیر، تنها زمانی به اختلاف قطعی تبدیل می‌شود که سه شکاف یادشده به‌طور هم‌زمان فعال باشند. این الگو مبنایی برای تدوین مدل استاندارد مدیریت دعاوی تأخیرات فراهم می‌کند و نشان می‌دهد که کنترل تعارضات زمانی تنها با اصلاح یکپارچه بسترهای حقوقی، مدیریتی و فرآیندی امکان‌پذیر است.
The present research aims to reconstruct the institutional logic of the formation of claims arising from delays in Iran's civil projects and is based on the premise that delays, contrary to common belief, are not merely temporal or technical phenomena, but the result of a network interaction of legal, managerial, and process weaknesses. The main issue of the research is to explain how gaps in the division of responsibilities, deficiencies in documentation, and disruptions in the information cycle create the capacity to turn a simple temporal event into a complex legal conflict. To answer this issue, a qualitative-analytical approach has been employed, based on three-level thematic analysis, comparative legal analysis, reconstruction of the "delay-claim" process, and causal modeling with DEMATEL. The research data were collected from contractual documents, arbitration files, project reports, and international standards, and after open, axial, and selective coding, organized into three legal, managerial, and process axes. The final synthesis of the research presents the three-axis claim production model in which delay turns into definite dispute only when the three mentioned gaps are simultaneously active. This model provides a basis for developing a standard delay claims management model and shows that controlling temporal conflicts is possible only with integrated reform of legal, managerial, and process platforms
Aarthipriya, V., Chitra, G., & Poomozhi, J. (2020). Risk and its impacts on time and cost in construction projects. Journal of Project Management, 5(4), 245-254.
Abbasi, O., Noorzai, E., Gharouni Jafari, K., & Golabchi, M. (2020). Exploring the causes of delays in construction industry using a cause-and-effect diagram: case study for Iran. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 26(3), 05020008. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000431 [In Persian].
Akal, A. Y., Kineber, A. F., & Mohandes, S. R. (2022). A phase-based roadmap for proliferating BIM within the construction sector using DEMATEL technique: Perspectives from Egyptian practitioners. Buildings, 12(11), 1805. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111805
Alavifar, A. H., & Motamedi, S. (2014, January). Identification, evaluation and classification of time delay risks of construction project in Iran. In International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (pp. 919-929).
Alrasheed, K. A., Soliman, E., & AlMesbah, F. E. (2023). Dispute classification in construction projects based on litigation cases. Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction, 15(3), 04523013. https://doi.org/10.1061/JLADAH.LADR-910
Amani, N., & Safarzadeh, K. (2022). Project risk management in Iranian small construction firms. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 69(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s44147-021-00054-1 [In Persian].
Antoniou, F., & Tsioulpa, A. V. (2024). Assessing the delay, cost, and quality risks of claims on construction contract performance. Buildings, 14(2), 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020333
Azzam, O. M., Saleh, A. M., & Eleshmawy, N. (2025). Delay analysis in construction contracts: Assessing claims and legal implications. Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction, 17(1), 04524032. https://doi.org/10.1061/JLADAH.LADR-1198
Bowley, R. (2022). Recent directions in the regulation of insurance claims handling in the United Kingdom and Australia: A model for other jurisdictions to consider? In The governance of insurance undertakings: Corporate law and insurance regulation (pp. 263-295). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85817-9_10
Callahan, M. T. (2011). Construction schedules: Analysis, evaluation and interpretation of schedules in litigation and dispute resolution. Juris Publishing, Inc.
Cevikbas, M., Okudan, O., & Işık, Z. (2024). Identification and assessment of disruption claim management risks in construction projects: A life cycle-based approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 31(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-05-2022-0470
D'Onofrio, R., Frame, S., & McEwen, L. (2018). Delay analysis: A comparison of the UK and US approaches. Construction Law International, 13, 52.
Eggleston, B. (2019). The NEC4 engineering and construction contract: A commentary. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119478737
Fakhereldin, F. (2024). Construction claims management practices and dispute resolution mechanisms in construction contracts.
Godwin, W. (2020). The 2017 FIDIC contracts. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119514619
Hatefi, S. M., & Tamošaitienė, J. (2019). An integrated fuzzy DEMATEL-fuzzy ANP model for evaluating construction projects by considering interrelationships among risk factors. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 25(2), 114-131. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2019.8280 [In Persian].
Heravi, G., & Mohammadian, M. (2021). Investigating cost overruns and delay in urban construction projects in Iran. International Journal of Construction Management, 21(9), 958-968. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2019.1605967 [In Persian].
Iyer, K. C., Chaphalkar, N. B., & Joshi, G. A. (2008). Understanding time delay disputes in construction contracts. International Journal of Project Management, 26(2), 174-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2007.05.002
Jagannathan, M., & Delhi, V. S. K. (2020). Litigation in construction contracts: Literature review. Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction, 12(1), 03119001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LA.1943-4170.0000342
Jahangoshai Rezaee, M., Yousefi, S., & Chakrabortty, R. K. (2021). Analysing causal relationships between delay factors in construction projects: A case study of Iran. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 14(2), 412-444. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-01-2019-0020 [In Persian].
Jia, J., Sun, J., Wang, Z., & Xu, T. (2017). The construction of BIM application value system for residential buildings’ design stage in China based on traditional DBB mode. Procedia Engineering, 180, 851-858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.246
Kamranfar, S., Azimi, Y., Gheibi, M., Fathollahi-Fard, A. M., & Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, M. (2022). Analyzing green construction development barriers by a hybrid decision-making method based on DEMATEL and the ANP. Buildings, 12(10), 1641. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101641
Kammouh, O., Nogal, M., Binnekamp, R., & Wolfert, A. R. M. (2022). Dynamic control for construction project scheduling on-the-run. Automation in Construction, 141, 104450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104450
Kikwasi, G. J. (2023). Claims in construction projects: How causes are linked to effects? Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 21(6), 1710-1724. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-06-2021-0312
Kwartnik-Pruc, A., Ginda, G., & Trembecka, A. (2022). Using the DEMATEL method to identify impediments to the process of determining compensation for expropriated properties. Land, 11(5), 693. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11050693
Morin-Pépin, S., & Francis, A. (2024). Dynamic spatiotemporal scheduling for construction building projects. Buildings, 14(10), 3139. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14103139
Niu, J., & Issa, R. R. (2015). Developing taxonomy for the domain ontology of construction contractual semantics: A case study on the AIA A201 document. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 29(3), 472-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2015.03.009
Pourrostam, T., & Ismail, A. (2012). Causes and effects of delay in Iranian construction projects. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(5), 598. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJET.2012.V4.441 [In Persian].
Purushothaman, M. B., Elenzano, D., GhaffarianHoseini, A., & Ghaffarianhoseini, A. (2025). Dynamic scheduling: Influential and influenced factors and their interrelationships in the New Zealand construction industry. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-02-2023-0033
Rezaee Arjroody, A., Hosseini, S. A., Akhbari, M., Safa, E., & Asadpour, J. (2024). Accurate estimation of cost and time utilizing risk analysis and simulation (case study: Road construction projects in Iran). International Journal of Construction Management, 24(1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2023.2172938 [In Persian].
Rostamzadeh, S., Abouhossein, A., Chalak, M. H., Vosoughi, S., & Norouzi, R. (2023). An integrated DEMATEL–ANP approach for identification and prioritization of factors affecting fall from height accidents in the construction industry. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 29(2), 474-483. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2022.2052479 [In Persian].
Saeed, Y. S. (2018). Cost and time risk management in construction projects. Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences, 25(1), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.25.1.7 [In Persian].
Seker, S., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2017). Application of fuzzy DEMATEL method for analyzing occupational risks on construction sites. Sustainability, 9(11), 2083. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9112083
Seyedi, S. A., Mirjalili, A., Maheri, M., & Sadeghian, A. (2025). A structural framework for factors influencing industrial megaproject risks using the DEMATEL-ANP method. Operations Research Forum, 6(3), 91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43069-025-00377-7 [In Persian].
Shaikh, H. H., Zainun, N. Y., & Khahro, S. H. (2020, May). Claims in construction projects: A comprehensive literature review. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 498, No. 1, p. 012095). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/498/1/012095
Sobieraj, J., & Metelski, D. (2022). Project risk in the context of construction schedules—Combined Monte Carlo simulation and time at risk (TaR) approach: Insights from the Fort Bema housing estate complex. Applied Sciences, 12(3), 1044. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031044
Stall, M. D. (2022). Resolving schedule delay claims with forensic analysis. Journal of the National Academy of Forensic Engineers, 39(1). https://doi.org/10.51501/jotnafe.v39i1.144
Vanhoucke, M. (2012). Measuring the efficiency of project control using fictitious and empirical project data. International Journal of Project Management, 30(2), 252-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2011.05.006